Using the C Math Library Getting Started Introduction Who Should Read This Book MATLAB C Math Library Features Unsupported MATLAB Features Library Routine Naming Convention MATLAB C Math Library Documentation How This Book Is Organized Accessing Online Reference Documentation Additional Sources of Information Installing the MATLAB C Math Library Installation with MATLAB Installation Without MATLAB Verifying a UNIX Installation Verifying a PC Installation Writing and Building Programs Introduction Example - Writing a Simple Program Output Building Stand-Alone C Applications Packaging Stand-Alone Applications Overview Compiler Options Files Building UNIX Applications Configuring the Build Environment Locating Options Files Using the System Compiler Changing the Default Compiler Modifying the Options File Temporarily Changing the Compiler Building an Application Locating Shared Libraries Running Your Application mbuild Options Building Microsoft Windows Applications Configuring the Build Environment Locating Options Files Systems with Exactly One C/C++ Compiler Systems with More than One Compiler Changing the Default Compiler Modifying the Options File Combining Customized C and C++ Options Files Temporarily Changing the Compiler Building an Application Shared Libraries (DLLs) Running Your Application mbuild Options Distributing Stand-Alone Applications Packaging the MATLAB Math Run-Time Libraries Installing Your Application On UNIX Systems On PCs Problem Starting Stand-Alone Application Building Shared Libraries Troubleshooting mbuild Options File Not Writable Directory or File Not Writable mbuild Generates Errors Compiler and/or Linker Not Found mbuild Not a Recognized Command Cannot Locate Your Compiler (PC) Internal Error When Using mbuild -setup (PC) Verification of mbuild Fails Linking Applications Without mbuild Working with MATLAB Arrays Introduction Supported MATLAB Array Types MATLAB Array C Data Type Numeric Arrays Creating Numeric Arrays Using Numeric Array Creation Routines Creating Numeric Arrays by Calling Arithmetic Routines Creating Numeric Arrays by Concatenation Creating Numeric Arrays by Assignment Initializing a Numeric Array with Data Column-Major Storage versus Row-Major Storage Example Program: Creating Numeric Arrays (ex1.c) Sparse Matrices Creating a Sparse Matrix Converting an Existing Matrix into Sparse Format Creating a Sparse Matrix from Data Converting a Sparse Matrix to Full Matrix Format Evaluating Arrays for Sparse Storage Character Arrays Creating MATLAB Character Arrays Using Explicit Character Array Creation Routines Converting Numeric Arrays to Character Arrays Creating Multidimensional Arrays of Strings Accessing Individual Strings in an Array of Strings Cell Arrays Creating Cell Arrays Using the Cell Array Creation Routine Using Cell Array Conversion Routines Using Concatenation to Create Cell Arrays Using Assignment to Create Cell Arrays Displaying the Contents of a Cell Array MATLAB Structures Creating Structures Using a Structure Creation Routine Creating Multidimensional Arrays of Structures Using a Structure Conversion Routine Using Assignment to Create Structures Performing Common Array Programming Tasks Allocating and Freeing MATLAB Arrays Displaying MATLAB Arrays Formatting Output Determining Array Type Determining Array Size Length of a Single Dimension Dimension Return Values Determining Array Shape Managing Array Memory Introduction Automated Versus Explicit Memory Management Explicit Memory Management Automated Memory Management Temporary and Bound Arrays Comparison of Memory Management Schemes Benefits of Automated Memory Management Compatibility Between Memory Management Schemes Avoiding Memory Leaks in Your Functions Using Automated Memory Management Function Template Main Routine Template Enabling Memory Management Creating Bound Arrays Assigning Arrays to mxArray* Variables Assigning a Value to an Array Destroys Its Previous Value Assignment by Value Nesting Calls to Functions that Return Arrays Deleting Bound Arrays Restoring the Previous Context Arguments to mlfRestorePreviousContext( ) What Happens to the Array Arguments? Purpose of mlfRestorePreviousContext( ) Returning an Array Argument and Return for mlfReturnValue( ) Changing Bound Arrays to Temporary Arrays Handling Return Values Example - Managing Array Memory (ex2.c) Example Without Automated Memory Management Restrictions Recommendation Replacing Allocation and Deallocation Routines Indexing into Arrays Introduction Terminology Indexing Functions Array Storage Calling the Indexing Functions Specifying the Target Array Specifying the Index String What an Indexing String Specifies Complex Indexing Expressions Nesting Indexing Operations Specifying the Values for Indices Specifying a Source Array for Assignments Assumptions for the Code Examples One-Dimensional Indexing Overview Selecting a Single Element Selecting a Vector Specifying a Vector Index with mlfEnd() Selecting a Matrix Selecting the Entire Matrix As a Column Vector N-Dimensional Indexing Overview Selecting a Single Element Selecting a Vector of Elements Specifying a Vector Index with mlfEnd( ) Selecting a Row or Column Selecting a Matrix Selecting Entire Rows or Columns Selecting an Entire Matrix Extending Two-Dimensional Indexing to N Dimensions Logical Indexing Overview Using a Logical Matrix as a One-Dimensional Index Using Two Logical Vectors as Indices Using One Colon Index and One Logical Vector as Indices Using a Scalar and a Logical Vector Extending Logical Indexing to N Dimensions Assigning Values to Array Elements Overview Assigning to a Single Element Assigning to Multiple Elements Assigning to a Subarray Assigning to All Elements Extending Two-Dimensional Assignment to N Dimensions Deleting Array Elements Deleting Multiple Elements Cell Array Indexing Overview Tips for Working with Cell Arrays Referencing a Cell in a Cell Array Referencing a Subset of a Cell Array Referencing the Contents of a Cell Referencing a Subset of the Contents of a Cell Indexing Nested Cell Arrays Indexing the First Level Indexing the Second Level Assigning Values to a Cell Array Deleting Elements from a Cell Array Deleting a Single Element Deleting an Entire Dimension Structure Array Indexing Overview Tips for Working with Structure Arrays Accessing a Field Accessing the Contents of a Structure Field Assigning Values to a Structure Field Assigning Values to Elements in a Field Referencing a Single Structure in a Structure Array Referencing into Nested Structures Accessing the Contents of Structures Within Cells Deleting Elements from a Structure Array Deleting a Structure from the Array Deleting a Field from All the Structures in an Array Deleting an Element from an Array Contained by a Field Comparison of C and MATLAB Indexing Syntax Calling Library Routines Introduction How to Call MATLAB Functions One Output Argument and Only Required Input Arguments Optional Input Arguments Optional Output Arguments Optional Input and Output Arguments Variable Input Arguments Pure Varargin Functions Variable Output Arguments Constructing an mlfVarargoutList Pure Varargout Functions Summary of Library Calling Conventions Exceptions to the Calling Conventions Example - Calling Library Routines (ex3.c) Calling Operators Passing Functions As Arguments to Library Routines How Function-Functions Use mlfFeval( ) How mlfFeval() Works Extending the mlfFeval() Table Writing a Thunk Function Example - Passing Functions As Arguments (ex4.c) Output Replacing Argument Lists with a Cell Array Positioning the Indexed Cell Array Exception for Built-In Library Functions Importing and Exporting Array Data Introduction Writing Data to a MAT-File Reading Data from a MAT-File Example - Saving and Loading Data (ex5.c) Handling Errors and Writing a Print Handler Introduction Error Handling Overview Customizing Error Handling Continuing Processing After Errors Example - Defining Try/Catch Blocks (ex6.c) Replacing the Default Library Error Handler Writing an Error Handler Registering Your Error Handler Example - Adding an Error Handler Defining a Print Handler Providing Your Own Print Handler Sending Output to a GUI Example - Writing Output to X Windows/Motif Example - Writing Output to Microsoft Windows Library Routines Introduction Organization of the MATLAB Math Libraries The MATLAB Built-In Library General Purpose Commands Operators and Special Functions Elementary Matrices and Matrix Manipulation Elementary Math Functions Numerical Linear Algebra Data Analysis and Fourier Transform Functions Character String Functions File I/O Functions Data Types Time and Dates Multidimensional Array Functions Cell Array Functions Structure Functions Sparse Matrix Functions Utility Routines MATLAB M-File Math Library Operators and Special Functions Elementary Matrices and Matrix Manipulation Elementary Math Functions Specialized Math Functions Numerical Linear Algebra Data Analysis and Fourier Transform Functions Polynomial and Interpolation Functions Function-Functions and ODE Solvers Character String Functions File I/O Functions Time and Dates Multidimensional Array Functions Cell Array Functions Structure Functions Sparse Matrix Functions Array Access and Creation Library Directory Organization Directory Organization on UNIX /bin /extern/lib/$ARCH /extern/include /extern/examples/cmath Directory Organization on Microsoft Windows \bin \extern\include \extern\examples\cmath Errors and Warnings Introduction Error Messages Warning Messages