Interannual Variability

The ability of a climate model to capture realistic interannual variability is an important measure of its performance. Here, we use the standard deviation of yearly annual and seasonal (DJF, JJA) means simulated for the 20th Century to indicate the magnitude of the model's interannual variability. For comparison, NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis Project 1 data for the years 1950-1999 are also presented.

The standard deviation reveals only the magnitude of the variability, and tells nothing about the time scale of that variablity. In the case of CCSM3, for example, we know from other studies that the time scale of ENSO-like variability is too short.

Results are shown for temperature and precipitation in the bar charts below. Raw data are provided in the corresponding tables. Values for "Annual" describe the interannual standard deviation in annual average temperature or precipitation, while summer and winter are for the interannual variation in seasonal data. Standard deviation in precipitation was computed using the total precipitation in cm for a season or year.

Using the NCEP reanalyses as a baseline, we find that all models show a reasonable magnitude of interannual variability. Only HADCM3 fails to capture the relative magnitudes of the annual, djf, and jja variability. Interestingly, for precipitation, annual variablity is greater than for either season. This result could indicate that the equinoxes contribute significantly or that summer and winter are strongly correlated.



Temperature Bar Chart


1950-1999 temp standard deviation
Model Annual JJA DJF
Ncep 0.71123 0.905064 1.21443
Hadcm3 0.576698 1.21715 1.14942
CCSM3 0.772918 1.32718 1.69352
PCM1 0.669833 1.14275 1.78598
CNRM_CM3 0.551461 0.842555 1.32152
CSIRO_MK3 0.497575 0.899094 1.06417
Echam5 0.65629 0.982187 1.70907
Miroc_3.2 0.623605 0.746538 1.27868
IPSL_CM4 0.697256 0.901062 1.29682
CGCM_3.1 0.707066 1.04229 1.17035
GISS_ER 0.495181 0.890086 0.974875
1950-1999 precip standard deviation
Model Annual JJA DJF
Ncep 12.6936 3.95325 7.93527
Hadcm3 6.9608 3.29352 5.81549
CCSM3 12.3983 2.36531 8.96497
PCM1 11.2291 3.97063 7.6163
CNRM_CM3 11.7765 2.6048 7.66176
CSIRO_MK3 12.675 3.95134 10.0741
Echam5 12.1823 3.2818 9.73243
Miroc_3.2 11.2874 3.17162 7.48459
IPSL_CM4 9.79101 4.28781 7.74391
CGCM_3.1 9.77414 3.2597 5.9674
GISS_ER 10.8881 2.88378 6.71294